The 1960s saw an acceleration and diversification of the manufacturing sector to meet domestic demand, with an emphasis on intermediate inputs and consumer durable goods.

In modern economies such as the United States, roughly half of the intermediate inputs bought or used by businesses are in fact services, and not goods.

First, financial services are supplied not only to their final consumers, but they also represent intermediate inputs into every sector of the economy that is exposed to global competition.

Yeats found that 30% of world trade in manufacturing is intermediate inputs.

Value-added measures exclude the value of intermediate inputs such as material, energy, and services, whether from the same industry or others.

Datasets includes any input, intermediate, or output dataset, used or produced in an analysis.

This is done in order to avoid the double accounting of intermediate inputs.

Value-added is obtained by subtracting the intermediate inputs from the outputs.

When we subtract from the output so called intermediate inputs we obtain the value-added.

If intermediate inputs are tradable, there forms a core-periphery notion that will have many firms locate near each other to be closer to their needed sources.