In the ocean, this leads to a vertical separation of nitrification from primary production, and confines it to the aphotic zone.

"We ended up not only with a big structure on the plaza and a mezzanine inside but a vertical separation" - between market and restaurants.

If any two aircraft are separated by less than the vertical separation minimum, then some form of horizontal separation must exist.

The fighters missed his aircraft by less than two hundred yards of vertical separation, little more in horizontal.

That vertical separation is the true division.

The z1 and z2 fields determine the vertical separation of this link from others sharing the corresponding nodes node1 and node2.

Prominence is the vertical separation between a peak and the low point of the highest ridge connecting it to a higher peak.

Therefore, from the social point of view, vertical integration would be preferable to vertical separation.

Thus it is in the former that the manufacturer has the greater strategic motive for vertical separation, setting wholesale prices and charging franchise fees.

But we have seen that vertical separation with restraints may well be more socially undesirable than vertical integration.