The Euclidean transformation for the spatial velocity gradient can be written as:

This separation occurs because of velocity gradients, a phenomenon called shearing.

The equation assumes steady state, that is the absence of velocity gradients.

Shearing given by a velocity gradient between two filets of fluids.

The velocity gradient can lead to generation of turbulence in the usual way through the action of inertia forces (Section 19.3).

This enables calculations of the , , and velocity gradients.

The velocity gradient components , , and can not be determined.

High velocity gradients produce a violently rotating column of water, similar to a tornado.

Newtons Law is the simplest relationship between the flux of momentum and the velocity gradient.

From the equation above, we need to know the area of contact and the velocity gradient.