We will consider boundary conditions of the Ekman layer in the upper ocean:

The interface between the upper ocean and the hypersaline layer was not a sharp divide.

But they're how the metals get back up from the mantle to the upper ocean.

Such density compensated thermohaline variability is ubiquitous in the upper ocean.

Below the mixed layer the upper ocean is generally governed by the hydrostatic and geostrophic relationships.

His studies address factors that regulate the processes of primary production and nutrient supply in upper ocean, approached using controlled laboratory studies and field investigations.

As fish stocks dwindle in the upper ocean, deep-sea fisheries are increasingly being targeted for exploitation.

Most fish in the upper ocean such as sardine and herring are camouflaged by silvering.

Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron to the upper ocean to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom.

Even if we don't use the upper ocean - and perhaps we should not - we should think about the sea floor.