Dugan was then tried for murder in a short trial based mostly on circumstantial evidence.

A third trial of Mr. Beckwith, based on new evidence and a reindictment, is expected to start soon.

That suggested the prosecutors might still be confident that they could proceed with a trial based on the tapes alone.

But more than two years after his acquittal, police officials decided to go ahead with a departmental trial based on Quick's malignant fantasies.

Despite the fact there was no explicit use of a doctrine of command responsibility it is seen as the first trial based on that principle.

Serious trials based on automatons, such as El Ajedrecista, were too complex and limited to be useful.

The trial, based solely on Reles' testimony, was set for November 12, 1941.

Zone teams were selected from trials based on the senior club the players play for.

Appeals for a new trial based on the new evidence have been denied by the original trial judge.

"Any trial based on the assumption that Jews and goyim are equal is a total travesty of justice," he said.