East Timor was a particular focus for the Indonesian government's transmigration program, which aimed to resettle Indonesians from densely to less populated regions.

Agricultural development and transmigration programs moved large populations into rainforest areas, further increasing deforestation rates.

Under the government's transmigration program, millions of people are being moved from densely populated Java and Bali to the outer islands.

At its peak between 1979 and 1984, 535,000 families (almost 2.5 million people) moved under the transmigration program.

The Indonesian transmigration program in historical perspective.

Land settlement in Southeast Asia: the Indonesian transmigration program.

His "transmigration" programmes - which moved large numbers of landless farmers from Java to other parts of the country - fanned ethnic conflict.

The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java but millions have migrated to other islands throughout the archipelago because of the transmigration program.

The transmigration program officially ended in the late 1990s.

An overwhelming percentage of these migrants came as part of a government-sponsored transmigration program.