He was only the titular duke, because he did not inherit the domain of Beck.

He inherited his father's title as titular duke of Schleswig-Holstein.

He would not regain Alençon until 1449, but remained the titular duke in the eyes of the French crown.

John the Younger and his heirs, however, had no share in the condominial rule, so they were not ruling but mere titular dukes.

Duke Lie was the titular Duke of Jin for 27 years.

Some of the newly created sub-duchies only had a few square kilometres of land and their masters were merely titular dukes.

Charles Louis was the titular Duke of Montfort.

The titular Duke of Poland promised to provide a "just and noble law according to the council of bishops and barons."

The last Kettler, Ferdinand, titular duke of Courland, died in 1737 .

However, he managed to become the titular Duke of Lorraine in 1675 at a time when Lorraine was occupied by France.