By January 12, surface observations around the storm confirmed the presence of a closed low-level circulation.

But surface observations showed it passed just south of Miami.

The most direct is through the use of surface observations.

You make surface observations and proceed to draw erroneous conclusions.

Few official surface observations are available for the passage of the hurricane.

There must be a forward model predicting the surface observations given the distribution of this variable.

From surface observation, it appears that the site might have still greater remote antiquity.

On the way to St. Thomas surface observations were made.

These observations have either been surface observation or done on profiles in pits.

It seems impossible to understand this object from surface observations.