The presence of surface active elements such as oxygen and sulfur will have a large impact on the measurements obtained with this technique.

The first integral is over a surface with oriented surface element .

Chlorine-36 is produced when the subatomic particles in cosmic rays react with surface elements on the rock.

The assembly was put together using the triangular surface elements, which can always be modular, cube-like forms.

Combining the surface elements and space elements, a circuit is formed.

In the most general case, called triaxial stress, the stress is nonzero across every surface element.

Cohesion encompasses all of the functions that can be used to signal relations among surface elements.

Instead, all four surface elements convert to warming zones.

The minus (-) sign comes from the fact that the force is considered towards the surface element, while the normal vector points outward.

If we change the orientation of the surface element, the direction of the normal force changes accordingly, but the pressure remains the same.