In 1999, some supplement makers appeared to score an important marketing victory.

These measures are just the latest in a yearlong retreat by the supplement makers and retailers.

Many food and dietary supplement makers use pomegranate phenolic extracts as ingredients in their products instead of the juice.

As with vaccines, the F.D.A. has urged supplement makers not to use cow tissue from certain countries.

To make matters worse, Dr. Leibel added, consumers often take even more than the supplement makers recommend.

But the F.D.A. has no authority to require safety studies or even to obtain reports of adverse effects from supplement makers.

It will allow supplement makers to make even broader marketing claims about their products under regulations that go into effect next month.

If no system of accountability can be constructed, Ward will have some soul-searching to do before pursuing more supplement makers as Olympic partners.

Dietary supplement makers are prohibited from including nandrolone's precursors in their products.

Ephedra's dangerous side effects have led to lawsuits against supplement makers.