The area between the spheres is coated with the substrate material (nickel).

The characteristic impedance of the line changes slightly with frequency (again, even with a non-dispersive substrate material).

This also enables the determination of whether a feature is a pit in the substrate material or a blob of foreign material on top.

Fluorocarbons and especially perfluorocarbons are excellent substrate materials for the creation of superhydropbobic surfaces due to their extremely low surface energy.

Ceramic engineers are developing new substrate materials for hard disks that they expect to be used in new generations of portable computers.

These models account for energetic interactions between the substrate materials.

Equally the type of substrate material has an important effect on the amount of specular reflection from its surface.

Vmos is also used to describe the V-groove shape vertically cut into the substrate material.

The culture and tribes from which the substrate material originated continues to be a subject of academic debate and study.

It is lightly p doped (usually with boron) and is grown upon a substrate material, often p++.