Poverty, in particular, has a very substantial effect on life expectancy.

These strikes can have a substantial effect on all sectors of society.

"Certainly, you would see some substantial effect within a year," he said.

Still, the elderly population does not have a substantial effect on the fabric of life here.

The numbers were too overwhelming for hit and run to have any substantial effect.

"Changing the name would have a substantial effect on our business."

For some individuals, these medications can have substantial side effects.

Economists said increased government spending could have a substantial effect on the economy.

Employment growth can be expected to have a substantial effect on the election.

The answer is that the data shows no substantial effects.