Graph theory is also used to study molecules in chemistry and physics.

Given the choice, most scientists would prefer to study molecules in the gas phase where they are widely separated and do not interfere with one another.

Molecular orbitals allow chemists to apply quantum mechanics to study molecules.

This also illustrates why ultra-high vacuum must be used to study solid-state surfaces, nanostructures or even single molecules.

Strofio will study the atoms and molecules that compose Mercury's atmosphere to reveal the composition of the planet's surface.

Advances in computers allow scientists to study complex molecules on computer screens and do complex calculations to predict protein structure.

It is also used for studying molecules in other astronomical contexts, such as in molecular clouds where new stars are formed.

Molecular mechanics can be used to study small molecules as well as large biological systems or material assemblies with many thousands to millions of atoms.

The Gaussian network model is a minimalist, coarse-grained approach to study biological molecules.

By studying individual molecules (like proteins for instance), we can understand better how things (e.g. cells) work.