Voiceover narration-most characteristically by the protagonist, less frequently by a secondary character or by an unseen, omniscient narrator-is sometimes used as a structuring device.

It is possible to take exception to the structuring devices of Vidal's historical novels.

THE first six films by the Chinese director Zhang Yimou had a strong structuring device in the stunning form of Gong Li, China's best-known actress.

Indeed, the one play that uses television as a structuring device does so to dismantle its falsities with controlled, sardonic anger.

As with Ms. Stockwell, therefore, her paintings are based on the structuring device of the grid.

For G. J. and me, this extra meal has become a part of our plan, a structuring device of our traveling days.

Delacroix's symbol for the oppressed Greek nation was a family employed as a conceptual and visual structuring device.

With her newest film, "Calavera Highway," and her earlier work, Tajima-Pena affirms her ongoing interest with the road as a structuring device for her documentaries.

Her master's thesis, "Walden Pond and Thoreau", studied the eponymous pond as a structuring device for Henry David Thoreau's Walden.

While a rhetoric of "blood" ties is an important conceptual structuring device in US and British kinship systems, cultural and social considerations are more important.