Members of stigmatized groups start to become aware that they aren't being treated the same way and know they are probably being discriminated against.

Those who perceive themselves to be members of a stigmatized group, whether it is obvious to those around them or not, often experience psychological distress and many view themselves contemptuously.

Members of stigmatized groups may have lower self-esteem than those of nonstigmatized groups.

If someone has prejudicial beliefs about a stigmatized group and then becomes a member of that group, they may internalize their prejudice and develop depression.

The civil rights movement of the 1960's was critical in making society consider how a stigmatized group, the mentally ill, should rejoin society at large.

Student organizations representing stigmatized groups have endorsed the proposal.

And it was occurring principally among homosexuals, a stigmatized group.

"For all stigmatized groups it's extremely important to recognize the discriminatory injury of closeting or passing, and that is what Yoshino is doing with this argument," she said.

Attributional ambiguity can have unfortunate repercussions for members of stigmatized groups.