In some cases the structures of the molecules assigned by spectroscopic methods have been shown to be wrong, when synthesised.

The structure of the pigment was determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations.

Thermal infrared analysis showed it was warm and spectroscopic methods detected ammonia.

He was a pioneer in investigating the structure of atoms and molecules by spectroscopic methods.

These wavelength-variable outputs are efficiently used in many spectroscopic methods.

Passive spectroscopic methods simply observe the radiation emitted by the plasma.

Application papers are intended to feature novel, innovative applications of spectroscopic methods and techniques.

The separated material will then be identified by a variety of spectroscopic methods.

At one end there is a spectroscopic method (not so well known, but very accurate) called microwave spectroscopy.

He identified this gas by spectroscopic methods to be nitrogen.