Many have no geographic references, instead turning to nature, the cosmos or neuroscience for spatial models.

In a spatial model, players choose (in the next round) the action that is the best response to all of their neighbors .

Later versions gradually abandoned the spatial model.

Much of the groundwork for the spatial model was laid down by Schultz (1940).

His interest lay in spatial models and concepts.

Combination of participatory landscape analysis and spatial graphic models as a common language between researchers and local stakeholders.

Therefore, geostatistics is often used to generate or update spatial models when solving inverse problems.

However, in recent years, the model has been challenged by spatial and valence models, forcing proponents to reconsider the long term implications of party attachment.

Then the Arrow-Debreu model is a spatial model of, for example, international trade.

The heat death scenario is compatible with any of the three spatial models, but requires that the universe reach an eventual temperature minimum.