Conventionally predetermined refractive index of ordinary materials become independent spatial gradients, that can be controlled at will.

Pom1 forms a spatial gradient as cells elongate throughout G2 phase.

This can be alleviated by regularization, such as penalization of states with large spatial gradients.

Perfect mixing assumes that there are no spatial gradients in a given physical envelope, such as:

Conventionally predetermined refractive index of ordinary materials instead become independent spatial gradients in a metamaterial, which can be controlled at will.

The speed at which climate is changing is derived from ratio of temporal and spatial gradients of mean annual near-surface temperature.

A spatial gradient is thought to coordinate cell size and mitotic entry in fission yeast.

In the simple case of a uniform spatial gradient , the additional decay can be expressed as a multiplicative factor:

When a spermatozoon swims up a spatial gradient, the turning step is repressed.

A dynamic spatial gradient of Hebbian learning in dendrites.