Carnival had arrived with the French, and the slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called canboulay.

The liberated slaves formed their own churches, chiefly Baptist and Methodist.

The slaves called éklan once formed a distinct social class in Tuareg society.

On the Caribbean islands, runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps.

Beginning in the mid-18th century, escaped slaves (descendants of whom are now called Maroons) formed settlements in the interior.

The slaves formed 12.2% of the total population in 1930.

Runaway slaves formed Cimarrons societies, living among the population.

JotokTender made a high Rrwrowr, and his liveried slaves dropped from the trees and formed a point for their return procession.

The routes were travelled by convoys, and slaves formed part of this caravan traffic.

Not all slaves who ran away formed settlements in Brazil.