Below the sub-canopy is the shrub layer, composed of low growing woody plants.

In the better established forest stands, a species-rich shrub layer may develop.

At some time during the 1960s, citing public safety, the shrub layer was removed.

The shrub layer is very dense, forming fair to excellent cover.

These trees are common in the shrub layer, along with others, including blueberries and winterberry.

The shrub layer is mainly made out of bushes.

Below the upper story is a low understory and a dense shrub layer.

The shrub layer consists of a number of different species.

For a small garden you could consider coppicing the large trees or just stick to the shrub layer as above.

The shrub layer is very dense, which may reduce successful tree reproduction.