After the western state of Qin unified China, its more conservative seal script became the standard for the whole country.

Similarly, the Zhòu graphs are merely examples of large seal script when that term is used in a broad sense.

It can be traced to the seal script.

Xu mistook these as being significantly earlier than seal script, and thus also called them guwen.

The other names of this kind of seal script include:

It's a combination of seal script and worm's shape.

The characters are written in seal script.

This development was stemmed to an extent by the standardization of the seal script during the Qin dynasty, but soon started again.

Most modern-day Chinese people cannot read seal script, so it is generally not used outside the fields of seals and calligraphy.

There were several different variants of seal script which developed in each kingdom independently during the warring state period and spring and autumn.