Items (questions) in a unidimensional questionnaire can be added to provide a single scale score.

The grades are not percentages but so-called scale scores, where the number of questions a student gets right are weighed by the level of difficulty.

High psychological well-being, defined by 4 of 6 scale scores on appropriate measures falling in the upper tertile.

High social well-being, defined by 3 of 5 scale scores on appropriate measures falling in the upper tertile.

The scale score is used to determine if the student exceeds, meets, or does not meet state standards.

If the student's scale score is between 800-849 (inclusive), he/she is considered to be meeting the standards in that subject area.

There was "absolutely no gain" in the students' scale scores, which was highly unusual, he said.

District 26 in Queens had only a 5.9-point jump in students passing but had a 10.3-point increase in average scale score.

For example, suppose that scale scores are found to have a mean of 23.5, a standard deviation of 4.2, and to be approximately normally distributed.

Item maps illustrate the knowledge and skills demonstrated by students performing at different scale scores on a given assessment.