Intuitively, it measures the average rotation angle along the orbits of f.

At certain rotation angles, the reflected light will be reduced or eliminated.

A more numerically stable expression of the rotation angle is the following:

Therefore, the applied loads in each cycle change with the rotation angle of the light.

In this way, the sum of the lift and drag forces on each blade do not change abruptly with rotation angle.

This corresponds to the fact that the rotation angle is only determined up to multiples of 2π.

The slope deflection equations express the member end moments in terms of rotation angles.

The rotation angles are calculated from simultaneous equations above.

Now assume that only the rotation angle is specified.

It seems intuitively clear in two dimensions that this means the rotation angle is uniformly distributed between 0 and 2π.