The production frontier model without random component can be written as:

This is because a response is created by a complex interaction of the challenge with many or all of the random components.

A third modification is to introduce an explicit private-sector aggregate demand shock and to eliminate the random component of monetary growth.

The random component is unobserved and varies among clusters randomly.

'However, um, the lightning appears to have added a random lateral component 'A what?

The situation becomes even worse if some random components of have continuous distributions.

This constitutes programmed obsolescence, in that there is no random component to the decline in function.

Discrete event simulation models are both stochastic (with random components) and dynamic (time is a variable).

The random component makes successive decompressions a poor test of susceptibility.

On the other hand, dithering introduces a random component in the result, much greater than that of stochastic tie-breaking.