Unfair labor practices may involve union-related situations or instances of protected concerted activity.

It removed the requirement that the victim of a hate crime be engaged in a federally protected activity.

The crux of the complaint, which is to be served shortly, contends the Davidsons tried to interfere with a statutorily protected activity.

But book sellers are exempt from the licensing requirement because their business is considered a constitutionally protected activity, said an agency spokesman, Gary Walker.

The umpires' mass resignation was "protected activity" under labor law, the union contended.

He filed lawsuit against the borough, alleging that the directives were retaliation for that protected activity.

The law, approved by a vote of 78-0, exempts constitutionally protected activity such as picketing.

The civil liberties union contends that the police have "arrested and threatened to arrest young people who have engaged in protected activity."

In 1984, bureau headquarters sent a message to all investigators saying that several field offices had sent information about protected political activity.

Yet without that standard, too many constitutionally protected activities would be subject to Government surveillance and intimidation.