Psychology does not necessarily refer to the brain or nervous system, and can be framed purely in terms of phenomenological or information processing theories of the mind.

The rapid auditory processing theory is an alternative to the phonological deficit theory, which specifies that the primary deficit lies in the perception of short or rapidly varying sounds.

Activation processing is one of two parts in Mandler's dual processing theory.

The dual-route processing theory might help account for two of the many types of developmental dyslexia.

This supports the dual processing theory of affect and cognition, under which conscious thought is not required for emotions to be experienced.

Taggart's (1988) "Whole-brain human information processing theory" classifies the brain as having six divisions, three per hemisphere, which in a sense is a refined model of the hemispherical lateralisation theory discussed above.

Specifically, the levels of processing theory holds that memory is not three-staged which separates it immediately from the stage theory model.

In contrast, an increasingly popular recognition processing theory, is that of top-down processing.

The main idea behind the levels of processing theory is that deeper processing leads to better encoding and, therefore, better retrieval.

Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory is not the first multiple processing theory.