CSS selectors are replaced by the equivalent XPath selector during the pre-processing step of the compiler.

The following pre-processing steps were applied by Bittner et al.

Specialized modules for illumination correction may be applied as pre-processing step to remove distortions due to uneven lighting.

In real camera systems however, several pre-processing steps are required.

The data structures used by Biosphere3D require no or short pre-processing steps; so all data can be modified on the fly with minimal turn around times.

As a pre-processing step to edge detection, a smoothing stage, typically Gaussian smoothing, is almost always applied (see also noise reduction).

Doing this, avoids pre-processing steps.

Such noise reduction is a typical pre-processing step to improve the results of later processing (for example, edge detection on an image).

This pre-processing step simplifies later stages.

(The clustering algorithm is order-independent; however, the linear nature of repeat data allows us to use this pre-processing step to simplify the clustering procedure without affecting the final clusters.)