Valproate toxicity in utero has been implicated as a possible etiology of septo-optic dysplasia.

Up-regulation of PGE2 has been implicated as a possible etiology of nail clubbing.

Sildenafil citrate shows some symptomatic relief, suggesting a possible common etiology with erectile dysfunction.

Diagnostic methods vary, and are based on specific possible etiologies; however, an X-ray computed tomography scan of the face (or magnetic resonance imaging, or both) may be helpful.

Surveillance and retrospective analysis of unexplained deaths of possible infectious etiology in previously healthy people will also be conducted.

The biological psychiatrist views all of these as possible etiologies of or remedies for mental health disorders.

Acquired megacolon, of which there are several possible etiologies:

Schechter described "denial of pregnancy" as a serious symptom of a psychiatric disturbance that can have several possible etiologies.

Dohan proposed a genetic defect wherein individuals are incapable of completely metabolizing gluten and casein as a possible etiology for schizophrenia.

Although these mechanisms have been postulated as possible etiologies of IOI, their exact nature and relationships to the condition still remain unclear.