For the actual conditions, they obtained temperature data from pollen samples, ice cores, and ocean sediments.

As well as her work on ancient pollen samples she was responsible for encouraging a love of botany in a generation of Auckland children.

Sedimentary deposits in the crater provide pollen samples covering most of the last 200,000 years of vegetation growth in the region; spanning the last two glacial periods.

Botanists have used pollen samples from this 20,000-year-old slab of excrement to reconstitute the Cederberg's rainfall patterns from millenniums ago.

This ensures protection of each pollen sample from contamination with pollen from differ- ent plants.

Hands are always washed before and after handling each pollen sample to prevent accidental pollen transfer and contamination.

The Hockham Mere pollen data shows the rates of change in levels of vegetation using pollen samples from within the Holocene period.

Before the end of the Ice Age, the Florida landscape was much drier, as determined by pollen samples, and the peninsula was nearly twice its present size.

Dated pollen samples show that the pine forests originally covering the upper elevations of the hill slopes were eventually all cleared.

Besides the DNA breakthrough, police forensic experts found pollen samples which placed Anthia at the scene of the attacks.