The personal computer, personal printer and color photocopier have served to democratize the means of production of artistamps.

PDF files are print-quality, so that clear copies may be produced by any personal printer, either in black & white or in color.

The 200-million-plus personal printers sold since 1998 need paper.

The new company, to be named Lexmark International Inc., will manufacture personal printers, typewriters and keyboards and have annual revenues of about $2 billion.

Full bleed is printing from one edge of the paper to the other without the standard borders by which most personal printers are limited.

I.B.M. confirmed that it would spin off its low-technology businesses - typewriters, keyboards and personal printers - into a new subsidiary.

There are three kinds of personal printers to consider: dot matrix, inkjet and laser.

Inkjets, which squirt dots of ink, are the personal printers of current choice.

All publications are available electronically to download and print from a personal printer.

Depending on the application, the print resolution and speed of manufacturing lies somewhere between a personal printer and an industrial printer.