Aslan Maskhadov, 45, won overwhelmingly on Monday in elections in Chechnya that foreign and Russian observers alike deemed fair and democratic.

When he was made a member of the Seventh Supreme People's Assembly in February 1982, international observers deemed him the heir apparent of North Korea.

Beshimov was the campaign manager for the unified opposition candidate during the July 2009 presidential elections, which western observers deemed "fraudulent".

The 1999 constitution followed, and in 2004 Mamadou Tandja was elected to his second five-year presidential term in an election that international observers deemed generally free and fair.

Foreign observers did not deem these elections free and fair.

Kobach states at the end of his book, "Too often, observers deem Switzerland an oddity among political systems.

The opposition leader Alpha Condé won the vote, which observers deemed the first free race since Guinea's 1958 independence from France.

However, Western observers deemed the elections rigged.

While international observers ultimately deemed them to be largely free and fair, Nigeria's last two elections were marred by widespread allegations of ballot stuffing, intimidation and fraud.

In late 2001 and early 2002, the Gambia completed a full cycle of presidential, legislative, and local elections, which foreign observers deemed free, fair, and transparent, albeit with some shortcomings.