Hybridization results were analyzed to determine relative expression levels for each printed element, and hybridization intensity data were first normalized globally using an iterative mean-log 2 (ratio)-centering approach.

First, individual arrays were normalized using mean-log-centering and lowess procedures (as outlined in the Cell line self-self hybridizations section).

Note that for DNS use, the domain name string is assumed to have been normalized using Nameprep and (for top-level domains) filtered against an officially registered language table before being punycoded, and that the DNS protocol sets limits on the acceptable lengths of the output Punycode string.

Fluorescence traces were normalized using early cycles as a baseline, and a threshold value was determined, typically at 10-fold above the average standard deviation of the baseline values.

Development data is normalized using Accumulated Degree Days.

Loading levels between samples on each blot were normalized using the cyclophilin levels from the control blot.

The data had already been normalized and analyzed using the Affymetrix software.

The Mega Society accepts members on the basis of untimed, unsupervised IQ tests that have been normalized using standard statistical methods.

Subsequently, the data were normalized using the AMAD microarray database and subjected to the cluster analysis using the CLUSTER and TREEVIEW software, as described [ 53].

The relative amounts of TNF-α expression as determined by RT-PCR were normalized to S12 levels using methods similar to those previously described by others [ 64 ] .