In the mice that had been exposed daily to the lower level of secondhand smoke, the average mutation frequency was 4.6 percent.

Recent studies with circulating tumor cells, suggest that the mutation frequency is higher than previously assumed based on tumor biopsies.

Transfection was found to confer a mutation frequency less than 0.002% (6 white colonies in over 300,000 total colonies) after analyzing non-DpnI treated samples.

This increase in homologous recombination leads to an increased somatic mutation frequency and genomic instability.

The mutation frequency contributed directly from the process of viral infection was 0.12% (335 in over 280,000 colonies) after analyzing non-DpnI treated samples.

The data presented in Table 2was normalized by subtracting the mutation frequency for HP66 infection (0.12 %).

An important distinguishing factor between the tk mutagenesis and LacZ test systems is the use of antiviral selectors to measure mutation frequency.

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that therapeutics capable of increasing the mutation frequency as little as 2-fold results in collapse of the viral population.

There are several test utilized in measuring the chances of mutation frequency and rates occurring in a particular gene pool.

There are additional factors affecting mutation frequency and rates involving evolutionary influences.