Large-scale thermal lows over continents help drive monsoon circulations.

The large-scale thermal lows over continents help create pressure gradients which drive monsoon circulations.

Similar, but weaker, monsoon circulations are present over North America and Australia.

Model simulations suggest that without the presence of the mountain range, the monsoon circulation would have been substantially weakened.

By Permian times, the monsoon circulation is apparent in the lithology.

Interglacial periods correlate well with an intensification of the monsoon circulation.

Studies are also continuing to examine the impact of orbital cycles on the monsoon circulation.

The major controlling factor over a tropical monsoon climate is its relationship to the monsoon circulation.

These storms enhance the monsoon circulation over northwest Mexico and the southwest United States.

Large-scale thermal lows over continents help create pressure gradients that drive monsoon circulations.