Clinical trials of combined modality therapy, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery in various combinations.

Radiation therapy alone for patients medically unfit for combined modality therapy.

These patients are candidates for chemotherapy, combined modality therapy, or radiation therapy alone.

Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia may occur in patients treated with combined modality therapy or with combination chemotherapy alone.

Based on historical comparisons to chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone, these patients currently receive combined modality therapy.

The vast majority of patients with localized disease are curable with combined modality therapy or combination chemotherapy alone.

Combined modality therapy is the most common approach for the initial treatment of thyroid lymphomas.

With 5 years' median follow-up, a significant survival benefit was reported for patients who received adjuvant combined modality therapy.

Improved long-term survival has been shown with combined modality therapy.

Such patients have a poor prognosis and tolerate aggressive chemotherapy or combined modality therapy poorly.