At the second level is real time risk reduction, which involves providing users at severe risk with a specific warning to enable them to take mitigating action.

The second looks at the future in more detail and discusses mitigating actions that can be taken.

Nevertheless, as Rojas et al.indicate, there are some mitigating actions that can be taken.

It examined the time frame for the occurrence of peak oil, the necessary mitigating actions, and the likely impacts based on the timeliness of those actions.

The current top three identified risks are summarised in the table below, together with mitigating actions.

If no mitigating actions are taken, significant disruptions in the Earth's physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur.

"Fast and resolute mitigating action is needed to avoid national disaster," the scientists warned.

Controlling consumer behavior and demand is a key in mitigating action.

It involves the tracking, controlling and monitoring of risks and risk mitigating actions.

For 2020 and beyond, alignment with climate change ambitions and securing co-benefits from mitigating actions will help to achieve the government's long term goals.