Polarity is changed by applying a current through the metal sandwiches that make up the memory elements.

A memory element was basically a binary electronic flip-flop or relay.

It also is likely to scale well, since you just need to be able to choose different operating frequencies for each memory element and qubit.

In the presence of background light, the memory elements receive an additional part of the signal.

The clock signal is applied to all the memory elements in the circuit, called flip-flops.

How to schedule the memory element for reducing the number of registers and multiplexers.

If there are N binary memory elements, a digital circuit can have at most 2 distinct states.

In this case the memory element retains exactly one of the logic states until the control inputs induce a change.

The memory array was scanned once to store all 1's in the memory elements.

The basic memory element in sequential logic is the flip-flop.