Proponents of mandatory screening claim that the test is for the benefit of the child, and that parents should not be able to opt out on their behalf.

Q. Which countries have mandatory screening of donated blood for the AIDS virus?

Q. What should I do in a country that doesn't have mandatory screening of blood?

Qatar was the last Persian Gulf nation to institute mandatory screening in 2009, mainly to warn related couples who are planning marriage about any genetic risks they may face.

For his part, Mr. Giuliani said families would not face mandatory screening.

In that post, he attempted to reform the sport in the state, including through a review of all licenses and the mandatory screening of fighters for brain damage.

A year later, this successful program became the standard for the mandatory screening of all newborns in the state of Utah.

The State of Massachusetts and the City of Baltimore have adopted strong programs, including mandatory screening for lead exposure in preschool children.

It also said that mandatory screening for the AIDS virus was appropriate only for donations of blood, tissue and organs.

As a result, mandatory screening and pat-down practices have been introduced at the airport terminal entrances.