Both new weapons are expected to help facilitate the transition in German military doctrine from preparation for major tank battles to urban and low-level warfare.

Perhaps the most radical manifestation of the low-level cultural warfare is the emergence of the Corporation for Cultural Protection.

Much more expensive than low-level urban warfare, Hamas social aid projects depend on foreign money, some of it from donors in the United States.

Armed gangs competing over turf and drug deals wage ruthless, low-level warfare in the slums.

With both countries now locked in low-level warfare, Mr. Fujimori blamed the falling-out on Ecuadorean politicians seeking popular support and on Ecuadorean generals seeking to retain their privileges.

They have a tradition of constant low-level warfare, usually cattle raids, against their neighbors.

This is the first time, in six months of low-level warfare, that Macedonian forces had been accused of shooting civilians, and a rise in civilian deaths has been a major fear of human rights groups.

They share the habit of constant low-level warfare, mainly to capture cattle, with their neighbors.

But the killings were the worst single loss of life in six months of low-level warfare in Macedonia.

A spokesman for the Israeli army said the nature of the conflict was changing from street battles to low-level warfare, "with fewer incidents but harder ones involving roadside bombings, nighttime shootings and more accurate shootings."