When the layer has completely melted, the microorganisms rapidly desiccate and turn black, surrounded by a grey aureole.

During the summer, temperatures rise somewhat, and the top layer of the permafrost melts, leaving the ground very soggy.

As a result, the bottom layer of ice melted, as has been found in Antarctica.

This layer melts the snow into rain.

The translucent layer over the hull melted away wherever the liquid touched it.

Later that month a melt-crust developed - the upper layers melting during the day and refreezing at night.

This could mean that the deeper layers of the ice have melted to form a vast underground ocean.

During summer, the top layer of ice melts leaving pockets of air in the ice that makes it look white.

Superficial and individual layers of existence melt away, revealing original depths.

The active layer exists as frozen ground for long periods and melts in the spring thaw.