The law provides for judicial determination of the legality of detention.

"Those industry labels are not the equivalent of a judicial determination of obscenity," he said.

However, cases not requiring "judicial determination" may come before Article I courts.

Other cases, such as bankruptcy cases, have been held not to involve judicial determination, and may therefore go before Article I courts.

But George Washington University Hospital sought a judicial determination of its legal obligations.

Political questions lack "satisfactory criteria for a judicial determination."

Most Japanese do not share America's taste for precise judicial determinations of blame.

Detainees have a right to prompt judicial determination.

Such conflicts rarely lend themselves to judicial determination.

"I know they'll do the right thing once we have a definitive judicial determination."