The League is home also to some issue-oriented groups.

Banning advertisements by political parties makes sense; banning ads by independent issue-oriented groups does not.

Nan Aron, the director of the Alliance for Justice, said that issue-oriented groups thrived on threats by "being able to point to a monster, so to speak."

In addition, the race was affected by negative advertising by 527 groups attacking the opposition, as well as issue-oriented groups opposing liberal causes in the state.

Over all, $119.7 million has been contributed by political action committees, units formed by corporations, labor unions, issue-oriented groups and other organizations to donate money to candidates.

The Loyalists are an issue-oriented group, and they describe the 1948 campaign as one oriented to issues.

They are also sending a few mailings each to selected geographic areas and to some demographic and issue-oriented groups.

Others, including the Tellus Institute, which emphasizes social and environmental topics, are more issue-oriented groups.

On any given weekend, the 3.5-acre park is host to more than a dozen issue-oriented groups.

There will also be issue-oriented groups eager to air data that further their cause.