The group was eventually supplanted by the more formal intelligence-gathering efforts that resulted in the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947.

Inundated with masses of reports whose reliability was becoming more and more suspect, the German Army began to turn to its own intelligence-gathering efforts.

F.B.I. officials in Washington declined to discuss the scope or other details of the intelligence-gathering effort.

American officials have declined to say how many intelligence officers, linguists and other experts are assigned to the weapons hunt and other intelligence-gathering efforts in Iraq.

In interviews, officials at Guantánamo and in the Pentagon defended the intelligence-gathering effort and said it continued to produce useful information.

Defense officials ultimately ordered a broad review of the intelligence-gathering effort.

In interviews, Mr. Rodriguez, the head of Guantánamo's intelligence-gathering effort, and two interrogators said valuable information continued to be produced.

Also, the report documents the Herculean peacekeeping and intelligence-gathering efforts under fire by Mr. Dinkins's team in the field.

In his testimony, Mr. Kelly focused on the efforts the police have undertaken to improve their intelligence-gathering efforts to prevent another terrorist attack.

Previous arms inspection teams have been accused of aiding American intelligence-gathering efforts in Iraq.