The computer simulation shows that, given the same input torques, a 'flexible' shaft produces a ball speed less than that produced by an equivalent 'rigid'shaft.

This shows that if the input gear rotates faster than the output gear, then the gear train amplifies the input torque.

And, if the input gear rotates slower than the output gear, then the gear train reduces the input torque.

At the capsize speed no input steering torque is necessary to maintain the steady-state turn.

This reduces wear at the clutch because the transmission requires less input torque.

Consider a mechanism such as a gear train that operates so that an input torque generates an output torque.

During load conditions, as previously stated, the coupling is proportional to the input torque.

At higher speeds, the direction of the necessary input torque often becomes positive, that is in the same direction as the turn.

And, if the output gear has fewer teeth than the input gear, then the gear train reduces the input torque.

In this case, because the output gear must have more teeth than the input gear, the speed reducer will amplify the input torque.