It has been independently proposed a number of times and is described by the equation:

Two groups have independently proposed a heterolytic fragmentation mechanism.

Several researchers independently proposed the installation of degassing columns from rafts in the lake.

This idea was subsequently proposed independently by Wundt.

F. G. Arenas independently proposed this name for the general version of these topologies.

The corresponding question of the relationship between effective calculability and λ-definability had previously been proposed by the author independently.

The first use of honeycomb structures for structural applications had been independently proposed for building application and published already in 1914.

The military-designed technology was partially unclassified in 1991, after the same idea was independently proposed by two French astronomers.

Montgomery-Vartia index was proposed independently in another notation by Montgomery in 1937.

However, extensions to cover (for example) subspace clustering have been proposed independently of the DMG.