This was followed by Ordinance 3 in 1848 which introduced an indenture system for Xhosa that was little different from slavery.

The Society approached the Colonial Office and Veeraswamy was able to buy his freedom and get employment outside the indenture system.

This book was used as the main source of information in the campaign to end the Indian indenture system.

After the end of the indenture system, Indians who spoke Gujarati and Punjabi arrived in Fiji as free immigrants.

Their ancestors originated from the Punjab region of India, but they are a fairly recent wave of immigrants who did not live through the indenture system.

The indenture system had two positive effects on subsequent generations.

From the 1840s, Muslims came from South Asia as part of the Indian indenture system to work on sugar cane and cacao plantations.

By the early 1900s India's colonial government was being pressured by antislavery groups in Britain to abolish the indenture system.

This was the beginning of the indenture system which was to continue for over three-quarters of a century and whose essential features were very reminiscent of slavery.

Permission was granted for emigration to Queensland in 1864 but no Indians were transported to this Australian colony under the indenture system.