Edible species include dandelion, dock (plant), fennel, jerusalem artichoke, numerous brassicas, nightshade, sorrel, catsear, sowthistle, nettle and many others.

Other vernacular names include tall nettle, slender nettle, California nettle, jaggy nettle, burning weed, fire weed and bull nettle (a name shared by Cnidoscolus texanus and Solanum carolinense).

At ground level, the herb layer includes columbine, boneset, jewel weed, nettle, twinberry, May apple, hispid greenbrier, meadow rue, narrow-leaved cattail and grape.

Other plant life includes wormwood, denial, knotweed, fescue and nettle.

Other plant fibers which can be spun include bamboo, hemp, corn, nettle, and soy fiber.

Wildflowers include clover, knotweed, nettle, bellflower and fescue.

Because I was nursing a cold I reached for the Salus herbal BronchialTee (a tea whose ingredients include fennel, Iceland moss, linden flowers, evening primrose and white dead nettle), a Smallflower best seller among those who are trying to break up congestion and soothe the bronchial passages.

Also, stuffing may include spinach, meat, nettle, potato and onion.

Several evergreen perennials also worth considering include the variegated lilyturf, European ginger, wintergreen and dead nettle.

Other plants that were gathered include stinging nettle, paper mulberry, and a native holly whose leaves and stems were brewed into the Black drink imbibed in ritual purification ceremonies.