Borrowing affects the lexicon, the words that make up a language, while code-switching takes place in individual utterances.

The structure of discourse is created by the relationship of meanings in utterances.

In such strange utterances we see quite clearly what is really at the bottom of all these articles and books.

The child speaks in long but poorly intelligible utterances, producing what sounds like jargon.

The managers spoke in cryptic, allusive utterances, using technical jargon that was opaque to her.

He asked for Jarvis; when he heard the reply, his questions came in short, quick utterances.

I presented the case for the Friendlies, in the Friendlies' own terms and utterances.

In his published essays, private letters and personal utterances, he argued for a strong color line, for the purpose of preserving race and culture.

The third, in which the two conduct a relationship, from beginning to end, in single-syllable utterances, would make a good acting school exercise.

Since words in the closed class have a syntactic rather than a semantic role in utterances they are also known as function words.