Savings and loan institutions have also started using sophisticated hedging techniques to limit their interest-rate risk.

They provide new and more effective hedging techniques at a very low cost.

Despite all modern hedging techniques, most midsize enterprises see strong fluctuation as an undesirable risk.

This hedging technique is frequently used by institutional investors when the market direction is uncertain or volatile.

To control currency risk, they rely on sophisticated hedging techniques.

To minimize the risk that the dollar will rise and reduce the value of foreign investments, the funds rely on sophisticated hedging techniques.

The tactic is a complex hedging technique that allows an investor to buy a voting stake without actually holding an economic interest in the company.

To minimize share-price swings, most of the funds rely on sophisticated hedging techniques.

They said that the hedging techniques had contributed to the market's fall and did not work well during the worst of the panic.

But many do own the foreign stock certificates traded here known as American depository receipts, and the same hedging technique works for them, he said.