Buckley formerly directed Columbia University's Master of Science in Real Estate Development Program and heads the Center for High Density Development.

She formerly directed the Jan Karski US Centennial Campaign and currently is President of the Jan Karski Educational Foundation.

He formerly directed the Center for Communal Studies housed at the University of Southern Indiana.

Sparks is married to the former Kathryn Wold, an artist who formerly directed the gallery at Pacific Lutheran University.

Professor Goldhaber, 80, formerly directed the Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island.

"There's been a revolution in perspective since 1985," said Jonathan Mann, the American who formerly directed the World Health Organization's global AIDS control program.

While Thrale formerly directed the activities of a half-million or so planets-and Kalonia apparently still did much the same-their fields of action had not overlapped at any point.

He formerly directed operations in Canada, the Far East and South Africa, later moving to London as a vice president for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

The board will be led by Sir David Tweedie, who formerly directed the Accounting Standards Board of Britain.